Course Content
INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
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INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
Branches of Biology
Summary of Branches of Biology
Importance of Studying Biology
Characteristics of Living Things
Similarities between plants and animals
Differences between plants and animals
Collection, Preservation and Observation of Specimens
Precautions during collection, preservation and observation of specimens
Collection of specimens
Preservation of specimens
Observation of specimens
Observation of external features of plants
Observation of external features of animals
Differences between plants and animals
CLASSIFICATION I
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CLASSIFICATION I
Plant Characteristics
External Structure of a Leaf
Other Plant Characteristics
The Hand lens
What is classification?
The history of classification
Taxonomic Units
Kingdom
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protoctista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum/Division, Class, Family and Genus
Species
Classification of some selected plants and animals respectively
The Binomial Nomenclature
Viruses
THE CELL
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THE CELL
The Light Microscope
Taking care of a microscope
How to Use the Light Microscope
Functions of a Microscope
Cell Structures under a Light Microscope
The Electron Microscope
Cell structures under an Electron Microscope
Cell organelles
Cell organelles
Cell organelles
Draft Lesson
Cell organelles
Cell organelles
The differences between the plant cells and animal cells
Practical activity: To prepare temporary slides
Practical activity: Estimating the cell size
Cell specialization
Examples of Specialized Plant Cells
Tissues
Example of Plant tissues
Organs
Organ systems
CELL PHYSIOLOGY
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Cell membrane
CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Movement of Substances in and out of a Cell
DIFFUSION
Factors that affect the rate off diffusion
Role of diffusion of plants and animals
Practical activity: To demonstrate diffusion using potassium permanganate
Experiments on Diffusion
Experiments on Diffusion
Experiments on Diffusion
OSMOSIS
Practical activity: To demonstrate osmosis using a visking tube
Practical activity: To demonstrate osmosis using a potato tuber
Osmotic pressure and Osmotic pressure
Water relations in plant cells
Water relations in plant cells
Wilting
Water relations in animal cells
Water relations in animal cells
Factors affecting Osmosis
Role of osmosis in living organisms
Similarities between Osmosis and diffusion
Experiments on Osmosis
Experiments on Osmosis
Experiments on Osmosis
Experiments on Osmosis
Experiments on Osmosis
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Factors affecting active transport
Role of active transport in living organisms
Differences between active transport and diffusion
NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
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Introduction to Nutrition in Plants and Animals
Autotrophism
The Leaf
Type of Leaves
Internal Structure of a Leaf
Structural Adaptation of the Leaf to the process of Photosynthesis
The Chloroplast
Practical Activity: To observe distribution of stomata
Photosynthesis
Light Stage
Dark Stage
Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis
Light Intensity
Carbon (IV) oxide concentration
Temperature
Water availability
Practical Activity: Test for starch in a Leaf
Practical Activity: To investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis
Practical Activity: To investigate whether Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
Practical Activity: To show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
Practical Activity: To investigate the gas produced during photosynthesis
CHEMICALS OF LIFE
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Proteins
Proteins: Formation, Properties and Functions
ENZYMES
Naming of Enzymes
Properties of Enzymes
Enzyme Inhibitors
Factors affecting the Rate of Enzyme action
Temperature and Enzyme Action
pH and Enzyme Action
Substrate concentration and Enzyme Action
Enzyme concentration
Enzyme co-factors and co-enzymes
Enzyme inhibitors
Practical Activity: To demonstrate the action of enzyme catalase
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
Dentition
Types of Teeth and their adaptation to the type of food
Dentition in Mammals
Dentition in Omnivores (man)
Human skull and dentition
Dental Formula
Dentition in Herbivores (sheep)
Dentition in Carnivores (Dog)
The structure of the Mammalian Tooth
The Internal Structure of the Mammalian Tooth
Dental Diseases
Dental Caries
Periodontal Diseases
Dental Hygiene
Digestive System and Digestion in Mammals
Functions of the digestive system
Digestion in the Mouth
Digestion in the Mouth
Oesophagus
Digestion in the Stomach 
Gastric Juice
Digestion in the Duodenum
Pancreatic juice
Bile Juice
Digestion in the Ileum
Absorption
Adaptations of the ileum to its functions
The process of Absorption of Digested Food
Egestion
The Caecum and Appendix
Assimilation
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Roughage
Water
Energy Requirements in Human Beings
Biology Form 1
About Lesson

External Structure of a Leaf

Differences between Dicot and Monocot leaf

Dicot Leaf

Monocot Leaf

Net veined

Parallel veined

Has leaf petiole

Has leaf sheath

Usually short and broad

Usually long and narrow

 

Type of Leaves

(a) Simple leaf

               

(b) Compound leaf

 

(c) Phyllotaxy/leaf arrangement

 

(d) Leaf margin

 

(e) Leaf venation

 

 

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