Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System
Longitudinal view
Ovaries
Are found in the lower part of the abdomen, below the kidneys.
Held in position by membranes and blood is supplied to them by the ovarian artery and ovarian vein.
The ovary produces the egg and female hormones.
Oviduct (Fallopian tube)
Is a tube with an expanded funnel shaped opening that conducts ova released by the ovary to the uterus.
The movement of the ovum is aided by;
- Cilia (lining the oviduct) which waft the ovum towards the uterus.
- Contraction of the smooth muscles of the wall of oviduct.
Fertilization occurs in the oviducts.
Uterus
Found in the lower abdomen.
It is the structure where the embryo develops.
It is capable of expanding as the embryo grows because its walls are muscular.
The muscles are also important at the time of birth as they aid in the expulsion of the fully developed foetus.
The uterine wall is lined by an endometrium for implantation and nourishing the embryo at its initial stages.
The uterus is kept in position by ligaments and is supported by the bladder and the muscular floor of the pelvis.
At the lower narrow end of the uterus, which leads into the vagina is the cervix.
Cervix
Has a ring of muscles that separates the uterus from the vagina.
It secretes a plug of mucus that prevents entry of pathogens into the uterus during pregnancy.
Vagina (Birth Canal)
Is the copulatory canal.
The vagina together with the urethra, opens to the outside at the vulva.
Within the walls of the vulva are the vestibular glands which release mucus when the female is sexually aroused which helps to lubricate the vagina during intercourse.