Explain the adaptations of Kidney tubules to their function 

(a) Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Cells lining the tubules have numerous mitochondria to produce energy for the active reabsorption of materials back into the bloodstream.
• Cells lining the tubules have numerous microvilli to increase the surface area for reabsorption.
• It is highly coiled to reduce the speed of the glomerular filtrate thus giving it more time for efficient reabsorption.
• It is highly vascularized to transport reabsorbed substances.
• Have thin-walled blood capillaries to reduce diffusion distance.
  

(b) Loop of Henle

• Cells lining the tubules have numerous microvilli to increase the surface area for reabsorption.
• Long to increase the surface area for reabsorption.
• Cells lining the tubules have numerous mitochondria to produce more energy for active reabsorption of materials back to the bloodstream.
• It is U-shaped to allow a counter-current flow system hence creating steep concentration gradient for rapid reabsorption.
• It is highly vascularized to transport reabsorbed salts;
• Have thin-epithelium blood capillaries to reduce diffusion distance.

(c) Distal Convoluted Tubule

• Cells lining the tubules have microvilli to increase the surface area for reabsorption.
• It is highly coiled to reduce the speed of the glomerular filtrate thus giving it more time for efficient reabsorption.
• It is highly vascularized to transport reabsorbed substances;
• Have thin-walled blood capillaries to reduce diffusion distance;